Classifying Cultures Generalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Classifying Cultures Generalization - Essay Example This means that people will judge others based on the information they get from the media or any other source instead of trying to learn about them. This is because people will not take effort in trying to learn through experience, the behaviors of other groups, but they will assume what they have heard about them represents the entire group or culture. Generalization will have the effect of causing stereotyping and prejudice since it judges individuals as a group instead of trying to understand the individual characteristics. The common American notion that people of the Muslim or Arabic culture are terrorists is false. After the September 11 attacks on the world trade center, the American government set up strategies on the war against terrorists and initiated the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. There are many differences in these wars, but they are all associated with war of the Americans against Muslims in their effort to do away with terrorism. This war has raised questions such a s what the attitudes of the Americans are about Muslims living in the states and whether these attitudes will help in the war against terrorism. These attacks were conducted by the Al-Qaeda group and caused many deaths of the American citizens (Sides & Gross, 1). The group has also been associated with other terrorist attacks all over the world and the war on the group was started in order to create security in the world. After theses attacks, politics was based on the war against terrorism and this changed the attitudes of Americans against people of the Muslim descent. Most Americans have associated Islam with terrorism since the Al-Qaeda group is from the Muslim culture and they see Islam religion as a weak one. Islam followers and mostly people of the Arabic descent started being seen as violent people and they were sidelined as the violent extremists. President Bush signed the Islamo-Facists bill, and this changed the attitude of some Americans on people of the Islam religion d espite the fact that it was war on some Muslims engaging in terrorism (Sides & Gross, 1). In the minds of some Americans, this created generalization, which implicated Muslims. Despite the efforts to separate the terrorist groups from the entire Muslim community, people still have derogatory attitudes towards Muslims and associate any Muslim they come across to be a terrorist. Research data shows that most Americans have the stereotypes of Muslims as aggressive and they do not trust them (Darren, 27). The Americans perceive Muslims negatively and they believe that their goals are not compatible. Media has emphasized on the negative intentions over the years and it has played a crucial role in heightening the generalization of the Muslim culture. Media dose not directly implicate Muslims with terrorism, but it has contributed to the perception on the Americans of Muslims being hostile. Research shows that most news coverage involving Muslims tend to cover stories associated with war and crisis (Sides & Gross, 3). After the attacks on the world trade centre, the war against terrorism is seen to have been directed towards Muslims and people of the Arab descent. Most of the depictions of the Muslims have been negative since then, and this has caused Muslims living in the United States and in other places in the world to be feared and associated with terror (Brigette,

Naiku, ise shine the great japanese joinery architecture Research Paper

Naiku, ise shine the great japanese joinery architecture - Research Paper Example The shrines’ public status has not always been gentle. In the years leading to the World War II, Ise becomes inextricably bound with the imperialistic and nationalism conquest. Even after the war modernists and their allies seized the symbol of the antiquity of Japanese culture as the touchstone for their own design. Close to 120 shrines are contained in the site but the main ones are Geku which is the outer shrine and Naiku which is the inner shrine though Naiku stands out of the rest with its magnificent architectural buildings and religious capacity to the pilgrims (Saka, pp 1). The inner shrine of Naiku that is dedicated to one of the Sun Goddess is one of the Japan most famous architectural and cultural sites bustling with worshippers from the ancient days to present times. Naiku Shrine is at the center of sightseeing in Ise, Mie Prefecture. The locals refer the place to as Jingu meaning the Shrine as an legitimate name, and the Sun Goddess Amaterasu O-mikami is preserved there. Yearly, an overwhelming seven million worshippers flocks the shrine for cultural services. When it comes to Japan’s indigenous religion, Naiku scores the highest as it is the most revered shrine complex of all that exists in Naiku. Established in the 5th century, it was built in honor of the sun of the goddess, Amaterasu-omikami, whose Japanese imperial family is believed to have descended. The grounds are ancient, but there has been a concerted effort to rebuild the structures every twenty years in a process called shikinen sengu that is done ingeniously using the timber and glue. According to Shoki Nihon, close to 2000 years ago the daughter of Emperor Suinin, devine Yamatohime mikoto set out from Mt. Miwa in search for a place to set up a lasting location for the worship of the goddess Amaterasu-omikami (Hardacre & Helen, pp 2). Wondering for twenty years through the region of Mino and Ohmi, her search finally led her to Ise, the

Terrorism Represents The Most Significant Threat Criminology Essay

Terrorism Represents The Most Significant Threat Criminology Essay To start with, Terrorism is not a new phenomenon; it was first used in the 18th century during French Revolution, but its definition is still a subject of debate in the international bodies. The term Terrorism has been defined differently by different people, governmental, non-governmental and international organisations in the field of international relations and beyond. Within the United States of America Terrorism is defined differently, taking some examples, The United States Department of Defence defines terrorism as the calculated use of unlawful violence or threat of unlawful violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerce or to intimidate governments or societies in the pursuit of goals that are generally political, religious, or ideological.  [2]  However The FBI uses a different definition as: Terrorism is the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.  [3]   Outside the United States, there are greater variations in other features of terrorism; United Nations defines Terrorism in 1992 as; An anxiety-inspiring method of repeated violent actions, employed by (semi-) clandestine individuals, groups or state actors, for idiosyncratic, criminal or political reasons, whereby in contrast to assassination the direct targets of violence are not the main targets.  [4]   The Key legal definition of terrorism in the UK legislation is contained in the Terrorism Act (2000); In this Act terrorism means the use or threat of action where- (a) The action falls within subsection (b) The use or threat is designed to influence the government or an International governmental organisation or to intimidate the public Or a section of the public, and (c) The use or threat is made for the purpose of advancing a political, religious or ideological cause.  [5]   One of the most comprehensive and solid studies of modern terrorism required more than a hundred pages to survey and compare the various definitions.  [6]  Walter Laqueur, as frustrated with the proliferation of the definition of terrorism concludes that any definition of political terrorism venturing beyond noting the systematic use of murder, injury and destruction or threats of such acts towards achieving political ends is bound to lead to endless controversy. As a result it can be predicted with confidence that the arguments about a comprehensive and detailed definition of terrorism will continue for a long time that they will not result in an agreement and that they will make no notable contribution towards the understanding of terrorism.  [7]   Sometimes it might be just easy to generalize terrorist groups, whereas at other times it is important to recognize significant differences because they can be critical for shaping policy responses. In the sense that they have all engaged in acts that meet most definition of terrorism. The Irish Republican Army (IRA), and Al-Qaeda, can all be considered terrorist organisations. Whereas, they are very different in terms of their motives, goals and objectives, as well as the attacks committed. The IRA can be viewed as a traditional terrorist in the sense that they involve in small scale bombings, they also tend to calibrate their use of violence, using enough to rivet world attention but not much as to alienate supporters abroad.  [8]   Al-Qaeda on the other hand, has much more open political and religious goals and is motivated by a particular form of religious fundamentalism; its tactics and the scale of attacks are in a very different level with the IRA. Although terrorism is not a new thing but the September 11 attack suggests that the world will be dealing with something very different, September 11 is very different type terrorism from what the world is used to. It is particularly significant because religious motivated organisations have been increasing in number since the 1980s. According to Hoffman, only two of the sixty-four groups active in 1980s, could be classified as predominantly religious in character. The majority of terrorist groups were nationalist and ethnic in nature, but by 1995, however religious groups are nearly half of the sixty-four known in the 1980s.  [9]   In addition to the organisations that fuse fundamentalist religious doctrine with political aims, there are also groups like the Aum Shinrikyo in Japan, that conduct a Sarin Nerve gas attack or the Tokyo subway in March, 1995, killing twelve people and taking as many as 5000 to the hospital.  [10]  Generalisation of terrorist or terrorism organisations can sometimes be complicated, because recognising their motives can make it easier to respond its problems. Terrorism is posing severe threats to the whole array of securities. Threats now come from far end not just from neighbouring states. The world today is faced with the problem of the proliferation of nuclear weapons by different states, which has a lot of threat to the international security. The Bombing of the American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998 demonstrates that terrorism is and will remain a central threat to international security as the 21st century has approached. Bombs are the most common form of weapons used by terrorists groups around the world. Many experts fear that terrorists will ultimately resort to weapon of mass destruction terrorism, because they talk about it lot and videos and training manuals that deals with Weapon of Mass Destruction, have been seized from their training camps.  [11]  However researchers who had an interview with imprisoned terrorists found that the terrorists are not interested in Weapon of Mass Destruction.  [12]   Terrorism is seen as the unpredictable mix of threats in todays International security; some see terrorism as the fundamental security threat of the 21st Century, while others argue that it is a minor stress compared to greater threat of global warming or other fatal diseases. Still some group of people argue that terrorist violence is insignificant compared to daily travel accidents in many developed countries.  [13]   Terrorism affects the foreign policy of many nations. A huge number of lives have been destroyed, and material goods worth billions also destroyed. People live in continuous fear of insecurity, because they do not know the next turn of events, or where it would take place.  [14]  International terrorism continues to pose difficult challenges to the world and human security in the international system. Apart from the fear of insecurity terrorism brings about, it also reflects in economic decline, and unemployment, it brings about poverty and a general sense of frustration amongst the victims of terrorism.  [15]   Although the total number of terrorists incidents has declined worldwide in the 1990s, the percentage of terrorist incidents resulting to fatalities has nonetheless increased. According to the (Research and development) RAND-St. Andrews Chronology of International Terrorism, the number of terrorist attacks has declined in the late 1990s.  [16]   Table 1 Source: RAND, RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents, at: http://www.rand.org/nsrd/projects/terrorism-incidents/ Table 2. List of Significant Terrorist Attacks from 2001-2009  [17]   Year Attack Fatalities/Injuries Luanda, Angola 10 Aug 2001 Attack on train 152 146 United States of America 11 Sep 2001 crashing of hijacked planes into World Trade, Centre Pentagon and site in Pennsylvania 2,993 8,900 Kuta, Indonesia 12 Oct 2002 car bombing outside nightclub 202 350 Madrid, Spain 11 Mar 2004 Bombings of 4 trains 191 1,876 Kadhimiya and Karbala, Iraq 2 Mar 2004 multiple suicide bombings at shrines 188 430 Uganda 21 Feb 2004 Armed attack and arson at refugee camp 239 60 Baghdad, Iraq 14 Sep 2005 Multiple suicide bombings and shooting attacks 182 679 Hilla, Iraq 28 Feb 2005 Car bombing outside medical clinic 135 130 Baghdad, Iraq 23 Nov 2006 Multiple car bombings 202 250 Mumbai, India 11 Jul 2006 multiple bombings on commuter trains 200 714 Baghdad, Iraq 18 Apr 2007 multiple bombings 193 197 Armili, Iraq 7 Jul 2007 multiple suicide truck bombings 182 270 Al-Qataniyah and Al-Adnaniyah, Iraq 14 Aug 2007 multiple car bombings 520 1,500 Hilla, Iraq 6 Mar 2007 two suicide bombings and additional attacks 137 310 Luanda, Angola 10 Aug 2001 attack on train 152 146 Mumbai, India 26-29 Nov 2008 multiple shooting and grenade attacks and hostage takings 370 includes 9 terrorists killed Peshawar, Pakistan 28 Oct 2009 bombing at marketplace 118 200 Baghdad, Iraq 25 Oct 2009 two vehicle bombings at government buildings 155 540 Baghdad, Iraq 8 Dec 2009 five car bombings 127 448 Sources: Shimko Keith. International Relations, Perspectives and Controversies (USA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2008). RAND, RAND Database of Worldwide Terrorism Incidents, at: http://www.rand.org/nsrd/projects/terrorism-incidents/ From the table above, it shows clearly how Terrorism is posing significant threat to innocent civilians around the world, killing hundreds and thousand of innocent people; the New terrorism of the Al Qaeda network has entirely replaced the Old terrorist regimes and movements of the last 3 decades, by far the most worrying and significant trend in terrorism globally is the increase in lethality and towards indiscriminate attacks in public places. World terror represents a true modern epidemic that threatens the very survival of the free world. This shows that terrorism is the most significant threat in International Relations today.

Inventions :: Technological Scientific Advancement

Stepping into the 21st century, almost everybody is living on the edge of technological and scientific advancements. Many inventions and discoveries have been made by so many great minds whose purposes were to make our life always better than before. Ever since the beginning of all mankind, humans have always had the ambition to improve their life. From that ancient time to the present, we can’t list all of our discoveries and inventions. Each of them is very important and helped making our life better. Among these, three most important inventions that define our life in the 21st century are automobile, computer, and music.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dated back even to the ancient time, transportation has always been a very important thing. Back then, ships were the only mean of transportation for human to travel from one place to another. It was a great method of transportation and even used until today. In the 1800s, human saw the emergence of train as the primary method of transportation on land. But the greatest thing was yet to come. Automobiles came to life in late 1800s and begin to shape people’s life so differently that it defined the new era from the past. In the 1900s, Ford made automobiles a lot cheaper and this mean transportation for everybody to everywhere. No longer human had to be restricted to single route for the masses. Each family can now own an automobile and can go anywhere the roads permit anytime they want. This is a new sort of freedom for each individual. They don’t have to gather to one place at a specific time, going to the same destination as in the past. This kind o f freedom is the stuff that defines the modern world. Take away the automobile and imagine how our life will be. Will 21st century be 21st century if we don’t have the freedom to traverse from point A to point B?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Automobiles have given people the mean of transportation, but in 1940s a new inventions was made. Computers came to the world and have completely taken the whole world to a new different level. Modern age wouldn’t be modern age if it wasn’t for the computers. Invented in 1945, but came into our life in less then 20 years, computers have changed the way people live. Nobody would refuse the fact that computers have blended themselves into our life. Inventions :: Technological Scientific Advancement Stepping into the 21st century, almost everybody is living on the edge of technological and scientific advancements. Many inventions and discoveries have been made by so many great minds whose purposes were to make our life always better than before. Ever since the beginning of all mankind, humans have always had the ambition to improve their life. From that ancient time to the present, we can’t list all of our discoveries and inventions. Each of them is very important and helped making our life better. Among these, three most important inventions that define our life in the 21st century are automobile, computer, and music.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Dated back even to the ancient time, transportation has always been a very important thing. Back then, ships were the only mean of transportation for human to travel from one place to another. It was a great method of transportation and even used until today. In the 1800s, human saw the emergence of train as the primary method of transportation on land. But the greatest thing was yet to come. Automobiles came to life in late 1800s and begin to shape people’s life so differently that it defined the new era from the past. In the 1900s, Ford made automobiles a lot cheaper and this mean transportation for everybody to everywhere. No longer human had to be restricted to single route for the masses. Each family can now own an automobile and can go anywhere the roads permit anytime they want. This is a new sort of freedom for each individual. They don’t have to gather to one place at a specific time, going to the same destination as in the past. This kind o f freedom is the stuff that defines the modern world. Take away the automobile and imagine how our life will be. Will 21st century be 21st century if we don’t have the freedom to traverse from point A to point B?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Automobiles have given people the mean of transportation, but in 1940s a new inventions was made. Computers came to the world and have completely taken the whole world to a new different level. Modern age wouldn’t be modern age if it wasn’t for the computers. Invented in 1945, but came into our life in less then 20 years, computers have changed the way people live. Nobody would refuse the fact that computers have blended themselves into our life.

Development and Growth of Verizon Wireles Essay

Verizon Wireless aspires for manageable development as a wide market leader in wireless services as well as for dominance in major wireless service markets. In both situations, the Verizon Wireless services will have to do critical roles. Verizon Wireless has the capability to establish its dominance in wireless service markets normally through acquisition of other powerful wireless service companies and their services, which are then integrated into a new, bigger organization. Giving training to its workers, enhancing the organizational functions, and the development of fresh innovations then establishes the positions of the different Verizon Wireless services. This logically leads in economies of scale that empowers the company to form a supply network for both the local and global wireless services. If a market is being managed by other grocery stores, Verizon Wireless dedicates its priorities regarding the establishment of a premium sector with its different wireless services. The goal of Verizon Wireless is to sustain the profitability of the company in a manageable way, while at the same time consistently enhancing the organization’s operations. The tactics to attain this includes four aspects:1.Working hard in order to attain a dominant level in powerful wireless service markets2.Emphasizing on getting a great share of the wireless service market sectors. 3.Striving in order to enhance the organization’s efficacy and limit unnecessary expenses in their activities. 4.Consistent development through logical mergers for as long as they are able to establish great shareholder value. In the year 2006, Verizon Wireless was able to experience tremendous improvement in various essential metrics. The inventory was limited from above $50 million down to below $30 million and inventory turns increased from below 15 to more than 25. The expenses of profits, not including the advantage from past miscellaneous expenses and the implemented part of the amortization of untouchable resources, went down from above 70% of earnings to below 70% of earnings. The integration of sales and marketing, research  and technological changes, and general and operational costs was limited from almost $ 400 million down to almost $350 million, while at the same time enhancing on the speed of changes. Verizon Wireless’ total earnings are estimated to have grown from barely reaching $1 million in the late 20th century to almost $ 900 million last year. B. SWOT Analysis of Verizon WirelessStrengths:†¢has wireless technologies and services that have a reputation for gaining a very strong retail. This involves an emphasis for the value of quality, comfort and various range of games and updated wireless technologies and services†¢has expanded tremendously over the past years, and has been in the procedure of growth all over the world. †¢Primary capability relies on the use of information technology (IT) to significantly aid its wireless services and systems. In short, Verizon Wireless can monitor their individual wireless services and their status within the site, or even at other locations. IT also aids Verizon Wireless’ excellent procurement. †¢is able to provide excellent client satisfaction, as the few levels of work would imply lots of time to dedicate to their clients. †¢Its personnel have formulated a powerful legacy within the market. †¢Has the capability to shift direction immediately if its management realizes that their marketing plan is not working properly. †¢has no debts and financial losses. In short the organization can provide excellent wireless technologies and services to clients on a continuous basis. Weaknesses:†¢is one of the biggest organizations in the wireless service industry but has a meager control of its organization, in spite of its advantages in updated wireless technologies. This could result to a decline in profitability in some locations where they have lesser managerial powers. †¢Since Verizon Wireless sells its wireless services and technologies over different markets, the organization does not possess the versatility that some of its recognized rival companies have. †¢Functions al over the world, but its existence can be found in only selected areas all over the world†¢Some of the organization’s less famous locations do not possess market legacy or reputation†¢Some of the organization’s employees do not possess the important wireless service knowledge base in many aspects. †¢Verizon Wireless is still severely hampered to the temporary absences of its employees. †¢The organization’s budget is unstable particularly in the early aspects of a new wireless service product innovation. Opportunities:†¢Taking over, acquisitions, or establishing mergers with other wireless service organizations while prioritizing on powerful markets like North America or Europe. †¢The establishment of new locations and branches provide Verizon Wireless the chances to explore market improvements. This could result to the diversification of the company’s branches. †¢Chances are present for Verizon Wireless to go on with its existing tactic of founding huge extensions all over the globe. †¢Verizon Wireless is continuously growing, with lots of future developments to explore for success. †¢The local personnel of Verizon Wireless are in the process of persuading local wireless service business entities to join them if possible. †¢The rivals of Verizon Wireless may be unable to cope up with the new wireless service innovations particularly the ones that the organization  establishes. Threats:†¢Being a top wireless service organization means that Verizon Wireless is the one to beat in both local and global markets. †¢Being recognized worldwide implies that Verizon Wireless might be immersed to political chaos in the nations where the company has operations. †¢The manufacturing expenses of most wireless services have the chance to decline because of the limited manufacturing costs. Production expenses go down due to the outsourcing to low-cost countries all over the world. This situation could result to fighting in prices, which in turn would lead in the fall of prices in different levels. Tremendous price rivalry must absolutely be classified as a threat. †¢The current changes in wireless service technology which could probably alter the markets might test the organization’s capability to cope up to these developments†¢A slight change in the priority of a huge rival might destroy any market dominance that Verizon Wireless has attained over its existence. This could lead the organization to specialize in quick response but excellent quality wireless services to local companies. This would place intense pressure on the organization’s employees to be knowledgeable with the current developments in wireless services where possible. C. External EnvironmentThe wireless service industry can be found at one of the biggest suburban areas and the most densely populated areas all over the globe. Therefore, this implies that with regards to the territorial elements, Verizon Wireless has been able to properly select an environment or site that may give tremendous potential for the wireless service industry to be come famous. The market segments in America represent Verizon Wireless’ biggest sales and marketing networks which cover local and domestic stores and mass markets. Suppliers represent Verizon Wireless’ second biggest American network and normally sell to both custom and online markets. In Europe and North  America, Verizon Wireless’ market share remains significantly high. It controls more than 50 global stores found all over the world. The organization also utilizes Internet shops as a place to sell its products. This is done through the utilization of Internet advertisements and product discounts. The organization has the power to establish awareness of its products and other technologies through media announcements, international communication initiatives and Verizon Wireless based online services. The organization also makes sure to get opinions from its consumers through consumer studies. The organization then utilizes these opinions to polish its product enhancement initiatives and marketing programs. D. SWOT Analysis EvaluationBased on the SWOT Analysis on Verizon Wireless, budget management is the largest concern for the company. The proper means of using the budget must be carefully analyzed by the company. The study of promoting endeavors has to be done due to the feedback that can inform the organization as to what promotional tools are the correct ones to use. These assessment outcomes can secure Verizon Wireless from wasting its financial resources for the incorrect promotional tools and procedures. Monitoring or assessment involves the application of tools to evaluate promotional appropriateness. The plan can be assessed with regards to the development in sales that is attained at a quarterly and yearly basis. This would immediately connect to the goal of establishing demand and improving sales. Nevertheless, it is essential to put into emphasis that it can be hard to manage for other elements that are likely to bear effects in the market industry, which include the choices of rival companies to improve prices, a change in client likes, or a shift in the entire demand. Luckily, other tools can be utilized to evaluate promotional appropriateness, which connects upon the variance of the marketing goals that have been mentioned earlier. For instance, surveys can be done, which ask regarding the wireless services, identify any development in behaviours regarding the wireless services, and identify whether or not there has been a development in client information or awareness of the wireless services. E. Corporate Level Strategy AnalysisThe primary goal of the corporate level strategy of Verizon Wireless is to guarantee that the company will be recognized in the industry as a business entity that gives excellent wireless services for its target market. Aside from this, Verizon Wireless has the corporate mission to determine the most effective strategy to be utilized in order to transform the wireless service industry into becoming more recognized by the public consumers. Verizon Wireless has four primary corporate strategies:A)Manage its position as one of the primary businesses regarding wireless services. Being the leader of the wireless service industry will propel Verizon Wireless to earn the respect and trust of its customers. Therefore, the organization will have the power to widen its functions through the acquisition of other wireless service organizations. B)Become more financially stable than other wireless service organizations. The raw technologies that are being used in the production of wireless services have to be able to attain excellent standards. If this is achieved, Verizon Wireless will have the capability to become more financially stable as against other rival wireless service organizations. C)Establish an excellent wireless service technology profile, with Verizon Wireless as the global label of flagship; andD)Establishing its freedom. Being a free organization will enable Verizon Wireless to go on with its reputation of excellence in both its wireless services and products by establishing fresh innovations and measures. F. Business Level Strategy AnalysisIn the situation of Verizon Wireless, its business level strategy that it utilizes to propel itself in the wireless service industry involves the utilization of advertisements. To be able to inform the target of the organization regarding the presence of the wireless service industry, Verizon Wireless utilizes media advertising, online and other media and news advertisements. These marketing procedures are supportive to propel Verizon Wireless at the top of the wireless service  industry. Business Level Strategies – PriorityThe primary emphasis of the business level strategy is to enable Verizon Wireless to be recognized in the market. In order to attain this, the utilization of an excellent business plan through an effective business interaction plan is always put into emphasis. In addition, interaction is an essential element of the company. Through excellent communication, Verizon Wireless is able to transfer knowledge and learn from each other’s capabilities and knowledge. In this specific business level strategy of Verizon Wireless, the essential aspect that is given priority is the advertisement and interactive campaign of the company. Normally, advertisement or interactive campaigns of Verizon Wireless are well known as an open sponsorship of given goods, products and any concepts through the utilization of any channels of interaction. In this respect, there are various types of channels that are utilized for advertisements and interactive campaign objectives of Verizon Wireless. Generally, in this IMC perspective, the emphasis is put on advertisement and wireless services promotion. Business Level Strategy – By SegmentThe excellent business level strategy of Verizon Wireless reflects a continuous process and style to all its activities. The business level strategies of the company arrive to signify the new emphasis of its marketing field in incorporating the interactive elements to connect to all of the company’s clients and not just its basic consumers (Levinson, 1998). Aside from this the business level strategy proceeds with the objective of determining and improving the mutual connection of the organization to its clients by giving means to establish relationship with clients through advertisements. The usual consumer market of Verizon Wireless involves international clients and local clients as well. In this way, in order to guarantee that the target market is able to know the presence of Verizon Wireless, the business level strategy utilized by the company is putting priority to each of the target market in both local and global scenes. Quarterly Business Level Strategy- SalesIn this business level strategy, Verizon Wireless implements the marketing procedure in attaining interactions and promotion of the organization and the wireless services that it gives. This business level strategy is implemented quarterly. In performing this, the following interactive media is used:†¢TV, print, and communication mediaSome of the marketing channels that are normally utilized by Verizon Wireless in order to make their wireless services well known are the TV, print, and communication media. In connection with the company, it also utilizes these media channels in order to be recognized by various clients anytime and in any place. AdvertisingA very famous process of promotion used by Verizon Wireless is through advertisements. Advertisements of the company are very expensive but like all marketing plans, it is not classified as a cost but an asset by the company. The expenses for excellent advertisements may be significantly high but the good outcomes are all worth it for Verizon Wireless (Silk, 2006). Advertisement is the right approach for Verizon Wireless for the similar reason of improving awareness and making an impact towards client perceptions. Also, advertisement through media can be felt by larger groups of people all over the world, therefore the information is transferred to a larger part of the target market of Verizon Wireless. Quarterly Business Level Strategy- Public RelationsPublic relations and publicity are different plans established by Verizon Wireless to inform or secure the organization’s reputation or its wireless services. The benefit of this mechanism is that it improves the organization’s reputation and it allows Verizon Wireless to be recognized due to the excellent image than its rivals. In this way, Verizon Wireless often does a publicly connected endeavor every quarter to guarantee that the organization follows its social roles in the site. One of the excellent means to implement this is through sponsorship. The company often sponsors a well-known organization every quarter. G. Structure and Control Systems AnalysisA matrix framework overlays two  company forms in order to exhibit the advantages of both. Some world companies implement a matrix framework that mixes territorial with product teams. The product-based framework enables Verizon Wireless to explore world economies of scale, whereas the territorial framework manages information close to the necessities of each and every nation. The company also possesses degrees of matrix framework, implying that every divisional team of Verizon Wireless has particular roles, but some topics must be decided in unison across all of these teams. Rather than mixing two separate frameworks, some matrix frameworks overlap an operational framework with project groups. Workers at Verizon Wireless are tasked to a cross-operational project group, yet they also belong to an established operational group to which they come back when a project is finished (Cameron, 2004). The matrix framework of Verizon Wireless is implemented through the hiring and recruitment of new workers whose knowledge and work ethics jive with the culture. Verizon Wireless was going into a new market that will recruit a number of highly qualified people from other organizations to support the new initiatives. The matrix framework of Verizon Wireless’ organizational structure may need for getting new workers aboard. This procedure usually happens immediately after the workers are recruited, and may be a means to slowly teach the different functional teams with a new culture. A matrix framework is implemented systematically or informally, probably through training of new workers or through a sequence of interactions to current workers at Verizon Wireless. A matrix framework is helpful in the company and management of shared value mechanisms (Hiatt, 2003). Therefore, culture at Verizon Wireless is shared through obvious or invisible ways and studies indicate that invisible means of interaction seem to be more efficient in altering culture than visible means of interaction and the visible and invisible interaction is depended on to give outside justification for the matrix framework and encourage company workers at Verizon Wireless to adjust to the new company practices and ethics. Nelson (2005) mentions that there are three fundamental procedures of decision-making: the top-down method, the democratic method, and the  subculture method. Top-down or implemented decision-making does not normally happen in the company structure of Verizon Wireless, because their management knows that it normally leads in developments that are hard to manage, even though they may be effortless to tell to the employees. In short, they know that top-down methods may lead in forced compliance from the employees of Verizon Wireless, but in reality they do not totally agree to it. Therefore, Verizon Wireless implements the democratic methods to decision-making which are hard and eat up a lot of time, but the dedication and trust to the development is more effective than an altered work setting which enhances outputs and results of Verizon Wireless. Procedures of assessment of the decision-making structure of Verizon Wireless involves monitoring, evaluating the efficiency, or comparison of basic elements with original aspects identified during the inner company investigation. A development in the major frequency mixed with a dormancy of company efficiency at Verizon Wireless could imply that the major factors were not identified properly. The culture, in short, has developed with low or negative effects on company efficiency. It is clear, nevertheless, that culture can either support or significantly delay a selected tactic and further comprehension of cultural inspirations may be tantamount to entire comprehension of efficient strategic development. H. RecommendationsMajority of the triumphant activities of Verizon Wireless rely tremendously on excellent interpersonal interaction and relationship among the individuals and the entire company. Bounded with a unified objective, the control of developments at Verizon Wireless must be always coordinated with the individuals that will benefit or workers that will immediately feel the impacts. Discussing the objective of development at Verizon Wireless must be always important. Interaction is the highly recommended way that the managers at Verizon Wireless must use. Obtaining the trust of the employees at Verizon Wireless and managing a smooth professional relationship must always be emphasized, because it is always a critical factor to an excellent flow of company functions. But all these will be put to naught if topics and dilemmas brought about by improper governance and added with the misunderstandings between managers and workers  of Verizon Wireless will emerge along the way. Handling the interaction and knowledge that Verizon Wireless utilizes in its everyday functions must be prioritized in the company. Knowledge is the blood stream of the organization on which every worker; employee and manager strive on. It must be utilized in order to attain the needs of the customers of Verizon Wireless. This is the reason why there must be always an appropriate interaction and knowledge management flow within the company. Also, the impact of a development affects workers of Verizon Wireless as well as the company for a long period of time. The necessities and traits must be always taken into consideration in interacting planning and making choices within Verizon Wireless (Rickards, 1999). Direct communication between the management and the workers must be effective enough to provide solutions to problems and potential threats to the employees of Verizon Wireless particularly on the issues and results of the desired development. Interaction between and among the employees and managers of the Verizon Wireless must be always emphasized in order to give a well-operating company function within and outside its limits. WORKS CITED Cameron, E, 2004. Making Sense of Change Management: A Complete Guide to the Models, Tools & Techniques of Organizational Change. Kogan PageHiatt, J, 2003. Change Management. Prosci ResearchLevinson, J, 1998. Guerrilla Marketing: Secrets for Making Big Profits from Your Small Business. Houghton Mifflin; 3rd editionNelson, K, 2005. The Change Management Pocket Guide. Change Guides, LLCRickards, T, 1999. Creativity and the Management of Change. Blackwell Publishing LimitedSilk, A, 2006. What Is Marketing? Harvard Business School Press

Identity in “the Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man”

Identity in â€Å"The Autobiography of an ex-colored man† The Autobiography of an ex-colored man is a fiction novel dealing with acceptance and fitting in. The narrator of the story, who is considered both black and white, is struggling in his quest to find his true identity. The book is tragic and ironic in a way, since the main character spends a huge part of his life pretending to be white, while the author, James Johnson, is an active fighter for the rights of colored people.The novel itself is one of the first texts ever written, showing the difficulties which people of colour were facing. The hero goes back and forth while exploring the world and his roots. That is why, probably seeking redemption, he goes back to his childhood dream of becoming a great man of colour. Personal history and childhood is always in the bottom of people and their behavior. This is why understanding the narrator’s childhood and his dream is important for understanding his identity.In th e beginning of the book the author describes Shiny’s great speech and how this triggered his dream of becoming a great coloured man. The little boy’s triumph seems to inspire the narrator’s dream, but the later description of the â€Å"phenomenon of enthusiasm† which comes after Shiny’s triumph, and every other Negro, who has reached Excellency, suggests that a man of colour can never achieve a true victory. It seems like the author suggests that Shiny is not actually applauded because of his speech, but rather because of his skin colour and the fact that white people expect less from him.Aware of that, the narrator believes that whatever he achieves in his life, every rise and fall, will be judged by â€Å"coloured eyes† and that is probably why he ultimately does not choose to follow his childhood dream of becoming a composer The author describes the little black boy in great details. In the author’s opinion, Shiny â€Å"made a str iking picture†, which implies that the boy looks ridiculous on the stage.To complete the picture of the boy, the narrator explains how his clothes â€Å"didn’t fit him too well†, which provokes the reader’s sympathy, because of the fact that he is trying to prove how he is more than what he looks like. The ex-coloured man also describes Shiny’s looks as â€Å"positively handsome†, which implies a surprise that someone that black can actually look handsome. The way in which the boy is described, reveals the hidden bias against the coloured people in the whole novel. The public is escribed as dominantly white â€Å"with an exception of a score or so that was lost to view. † In a real situation, coloured people would be easily distinguishable among the white ones. Thus, I believe that the author is trying to highlight how little support Shiny has and how helpless is he feeling. The narrator doesn’t know what the little black boy is feeling up on the stage, but he makes many assumptions. We can assume that those assumptions are what the narrator would have felt if he was up there himself.Shiny is also compared with â€Å"a gladiator tossed into an arena†. This leaves the impression that he has no other option, but to fight and prove him, which shows how man of colour were never judged equally, but rather seen through the â€Å"coloured eyes†. By the end, the author says â€Å"How so young an orator could stir so great enthusiasm was to be wondered†. Here he finally admits for the first time that not the appearance, but the abilities and great speech of Shiny has won the applauses.The word â€Å"wondered† appears to be some kind of skepticism, and later the author explains in the next paragraph that people are always â€Å"stirred by the same emotions† and the â€Å"same phenomenon of enthusiasm† follows any black man's success. This once again underestimates Shiny†™s success. The author hints that his abilities have nothing to do with his successful speech, because after all Shiny is â€Å"what is common in his race, a natural orator. † The author also paints the picture of how the â€Å"boy gallantly waging with puny, black arms so unequal† managed to touch the â€Å"deep springs in the hearts of his audience†.The perceived weakness of the African-American people is notably present in the description of the scene, and it provokes deep sympathy in the readers. This particular memory of the narrator is crucial for understanding his motives. It may seem like he is running away from his race and living the life of a white man because it is easier, but considering the fact that he observes this scene through his â€Å"coloured eyes†, we can assume that this is probably in the bottom of his decision not to pursue his dream and to end up choosing the â€Å"easy† path of life.

How to Teach English Using Newspapers

How to Teach English Using Newspapers Newspapers or magazines are a must-have in every classroom, even beginner classrooms. There are a number of ways to use newspapers in the classroom, ranging from simple reading exercises to more complex writing and response assignments. Here are suggestions on how to use newspapers in class arranged by linguistic objective.   Reading Straight forward reading: Have students read an article and discuss.Ask students to find articles from different nations on a global topic. Students should compare and contrast how different nations cover the news story. Vocabulary Focus on word forms using colored pens. Ask students to circle different forms of a word such as worth, worthy, worthless, etc. in an article.  Ask students to find various parts of speech such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs.Make a mind-map of an article relating ideas through vocabulary.Focus on words related to certain ideas. For example, ask students to circle verbs that are related to finance. Have students explore the differences between these words in groups. Grammar Discuss the use of present perfect for recent events that have an effect on the current moment by focusing on truncated newspaper  headlines that use the past participle such as  XYZ Merger Done Deal, Law Approved In SenateUse colored pens to focus on grammar points. For example, if you are studying verbs that take the gerund or the infinitive, have students highlight these combinations using one color for gerunds and another color for infinitives. Another option is to have students highlight different tenses in different colors.Photocopy an article from a newspaper. White out key grammar items that you are focusing on and have students fill in the blank. For example, white out all the helping verbs and ask students to fill them in. Speaking Break students up into groups and read a short article. Students should then write questions based on this article, and then exchange articles with another group providing questions. Once groups have answered the questions, get students into pairs, one from each group, and have them discuss their answers.Focus on ads. How are the ads pitching their products? What messages are they trying to send? Listening / Pronunciation Ask students to prepare two paragraphs from a newspaper article. First, students should all the content words in the passage. Next, have students practice reading the sentences focusing on using correct intonation of the sentence by focusing on content words. Finally, students read to each other asking simple questions for comprehension.Focus on an IPA symbol or two through the use of minimal pairs. Ask students to underline example of each phoneme practiced. For example, have students compare and contrast the phonemes for the short /I/ sound and the longer ee of /i/ by looking for representative words with each phoneme.Use a news story that has a transcript (NPR often does provides these on their website). First, have students listen to a  news story. Next, ask questions about the main points of the story. Finally, ask students to listen while reading the transcript. Follow up with a  discussion. Writing Have students write short summaries of news stories they have read.Ask students to write a newspaper article of their own for a school or class newspaper. Some students can do interviews, others take photos. Alternately, use the same idea to create a class blog.Lower level students can use photos, charts, pictures, etc. to begin writing descriptive sentences. These can be simple sentences describing what someone is wearing to practice related vocabulary. More advanced students can write about the back story of photos such as why the person was in a certain situation shown in a photograph.